Arlie Hochschild is an American sociologist and academic born in 1940. She did a research about new family roles after the incorporation of women in the workforce, in which she needed to interview married couples. When she collected the data she suspected that the respondents were not totally honest when talking about their private affairs.
In order to prove whether the answers had been honest, she observed some of the households in the sample in their daily routines, to assess if their actions agree with the interview answers.