Answer:
Option C, E. coli densities vary among cultures and with time, which will affect estimates of b-galactosidase production rates.
Explanation:
The activity of β-galactosidase depends on the optical density or the intensity of the color.
In regards to color, yellow color intensity signifies the qualitative parameter of the β-galactosidase activity while the readings obtained through colorimeter is quantitative parameter of the β-galactosidase activity. In the presence of lactose , the gene responsible for producing β-galactosidase in E. coli is either induced or switched off.
Hence , option D is correct