The rise of Mesopotamia and Sumer were due to the excellent conditions provided by nature, while the downfall was due to the invasions.
Explanation:
Mesopotamia is a region located in the Middle East, between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. The first civilization arose here, the Sumer civilization, and that was because of all the favorable conditions that nature provided. There was fertile soil in abundance, constant supply of freshwater for drinking and irrigation, and the safety was almost guaranteed by the harsh deserts surrounding the area.
Since the people were able to satisfy all of their basic needs without any problem, they had lot of spare time, so they started to engage into other activities, gradually developing many scientific fields. As the civilization formed and thrived, this area became more and more attractive for the other people groups. While the deserts offered protection from the people outside the region, they didn't from the people in the region.
Even though Mesopotamia was technologically most developed, and it was a cradle of knowledge, it was not able to stop the powerful forces from outside. The Assyrians were gradually becoming more and more powerful, and in order to do so, they made their army superior and used violence, and Mesopotamia was easily conquered and the civilizations in it destroyed.
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