Answer:
d. ΔU = q + w
Explanation:
Internal energy is the sum of kinetic energy (which comes from motion of molecules) and potential energy ( which comes from chemical bonds between atoms and other intermolecular forces that maybe present).
First law of thermodynamics states that: "the change in internal energy of a closed system is equal to the energy added to it in form of heat(q) and work (w) done on the system by the surroundings.
Mathematically written as:
[tex]E_{internal}[/tex] = q + w
Conventionally, the first law is based on the system doing work and the surrounding doing work.
[tex]E_{internal}[/tex] can also be written as ΔU.
Therefore [tex]E_{internal}[/tex] = ΔU = q + w
ΔU = q + w
