Respuesta :
One of the most common comments professors write on students' papers is: “So what?” We've all seen those
two words scrawled on our papers at least a few times. Why is this a common problem in argumentative
writing? What is the error in logic that lets one or more assertions become disconnected from the argument?
To answer these questions, we must look at the basic building blocks of any logical argument: premises and
conclusions.
1. Premises: Premises are assertions that, when joined together, will lead the reader to the conclusion.
The most important part of any premise is that your audience will accept it as true. If your audience
rejects even one of your premises, they will likely also reject your conclusion, and your entire
argument will fall apart. When constructing premises, it is essential to consider your audience. When
you know your audience, you also know which assertions they will accept and which they will
question.
(a) For example, consider the following assertion: “Because greenhouse gases are causing the
atmosphere to warm at a rapid rate...” Is this a solid premise? It depends on your audience. If your
readers are members of an environmental group, they will accept this premise without qualms. If
your readers are oil company executives, they may reject this premise and your conclusions.
(b) To construct solid premises, you need to consider the rationales and beliefs of your opponents.
What are the “givens” you accept that they do not? What beliefs lead them to reject those
“givens”? Where can two sides of an argument find common ground? That is where you will find
effective premises to reach your conclusion.
2. Conclusions: A conclusion can be any assertion that your readers will not readily accept. A conclusion
must have at least one premise supporting it. The thesis of an argumentative paper will always contain
a conclusion, with the main points or body paragraphs acting as premises that lead the reader to accept
it.
(a) Let’s revisit the previous example, but change the wording slightly: “Therefore, greenhouse gases
are causing the atmosphere to warm at a rapid rate.” How did changing the first word in the
sentence change the function of the sentence? The meaning of the sentence stays the same, but
how we're using it in our argument has changed. It is now in the form of a conclusion.
(b) You may have heard one of your thesis statements or main arguments described as “too obvious.”
This usually means that your readers already accept your conclusion without any need for
argument. You must also consider your audience when you are constructing your conclusions.
3. Joining words: Readers need transitional words and phrases to distinguish among different ideas and
to make sense of logical relationships. Joining words indicate which assertions are offered as premises
and which as conclusions. If these signals are missing in your writing, readers will often make their
own connections, which may be quite different than those you intended.
