If adenine makes up 40% of the bases in DNA, then 10% of the bases in DNA does cytosine make up.
If 40% of Adenine (A) is present, it would be reasonable to assume that 40% of Thymine (T) will be present, as the ratio between the two complementary nitrogenous bases will be roughly equal.
Therefore, that leaves us with 20% between Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). Since the ratio between them would be equal, it gives us 10% of Cytosine (C) and 10% of Guanine (G).
Therefore:
40% of A + 40% of T + 10% of C + 10% of G = 100% DNA
So, Cytosine makes up 10% of the bases in DNA.
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