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Marbury vMadison, arguably the most important case in Supreme Court history, was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of "judicial review" -- the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution.
The most significant ruling from "Marbury vs. Madison" was the powers of the federal government was greatly expanded.
The Supreme Court could now have the power of judicial review. The decision helped define the boundary between judicial branches and the constitutionally separate executive branches of the American government. The full case was William Marbury v. James Madison, Secretary of State of the United States. The case was decided in December 1801.